環境資訊中心外電；姜唯 翻譯；林大利 審校；稿源：ENS
加州州長布朗10日簽署參議院100號法案（SB 100），將「100％乾淨電力」正式設立為法定目標。
繼提早四年達成「2020年減排13%、經濟成長26%」目標後，「SB 100」將使加州的再生能源比例標準更加積極，2025年必須達到50％電力由再生能源供應，2030年要達到60％，2045年實現零碳電網。
加州州長布朗簽署參議院100號法案（SB 100）。圖片來源：Office of the Governor
州長訂定碳中和目標 減碳不涉核電
為了確保全球暖化對策不只侷限於電業（佔加州溫室氣體排放量的16％），布朗還發布了一項行政命令，指示加州要在2045年實現碳中和，之後則要實現淨負排碳。
目前全球有20多個國家和40多個地方政府宣布，最晚要在本世紀中實現碳中和。
為了實現目標，加州將持續減少碳污染，同時增加森林、土壤和其他自然地景的碳儲存和空氣品質及公共衛生改善計畫，尤其是在該州受影響最嚴重的社區。
加州也將陸續實施一系列因應暖化的長期行動。上週，布朗簽署了另一項法案，禁止加州沿海進行新的聯邦海上石油鑽探活動，並宣布加州反對聯邦政府擴大加州公共土地上石油鑽探的計畫。1968年至今，加州都沒有開放沿海地區的新石油和天然氣租賃。
雖然加州政府定義的乾淨能源有三種，州政府在其網站上的指出，加州正在逐步淘汰核電，現階段也並不考慮新建核電廠。
減碳聯盟「Under2 Coalition」 規模跨六大洲、佔全球經濟四成
原本加州計畫於2020年達成減排13%、同時經濟成長26%，結果此目標提早四年達成。從2015到2016年，加州減排量大約等於減少240萬輛汽車上路，省下15億加侖的汽柴油燃料。
此外，布朗幫助建立全美和全球的減碳合作聯盟「Under2 Coalition」。該聯盟起源於加州與德國巴登－符騰堡州之間的合作關係，現在已納入橫跨六大洲的206個各級政府，共代表13億人口和30兆美元的GDP，相當於全球人口的17％和全球經濟的40％。
聯盟成員做出了一些重要承諾，包括減少相當於1990年水準80％至95％的溫室氣體排放，以及2050年加州每人每年碳排少於2公噸。
California Passes 100 Percent Clean Electricity Bill SACRAMENTO, California, September 10, 2018 (ENS)
Putting his stamp of approval on California’s global climate leadership, Governor Jerry Brown today signed Senate Bill 100, which sets a 100 percent clean electricity goal for the state. The governor also issued an executive order establishing a new target to achieve carbon neutrality – both by 2045.
With Governor Brown’s executive order, California establishes the most ambitious carbon neutrality commitment of the more than 20 countries and at least 40 cities, states and provinces planning to go carbon neutral by mid-century or sooner.
SB 100 advances the state’s existing Renewables Portfolio Standard, which establishes how much of the electricity system should be powered from renewable energy resources, to 50 percent by 2025 and 60 percent by 2030.
It also puts California on the bold path to implement a zero-carbon electricity grid by 2045.
To ensure California is combating global warming beyond the electric sector, which represents 16 percent of the state’s greenhouse gas emissions, the governor’s executive order directs the state to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 and net negative greenhouse gas emissions after that.
The state will reach its goals with continued reductions of carbon pollution and increased carbon sequestration in forests, soils and other natural landscapes and programs focused on improving air quality and public health, especially in California’s most impacted communities.
These actions are the latest in a long series of actions by California to deal with the warming climate. Late last week, Governor Brown also signed legislation to block new federal offshore oil drilling along California’s coast and announced the state’s opposition to the federal government’s plan to expand oil drilling on public lands in California. The entirety of the state’s coast has been off-limits to new oil and gas leases for more than 30 years, and the state has not issued a lease for offshore oil or gas production since 1968.
The state has met its 2020 target four years early, reducing emissions 13 percent while growing the economy 26 percent.
From 2015 to 2016, emissions reductions were roughly equal to taking 2.4 million cars off the road, saving 1.5 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel.
In addition, Governor Brown has helped establish and expand coalitions of partners across the nation and globe committed to curbing carbon pollution.
The Under2 Coalition, which originated from a partnership between California and the German state of Baden-Württemberg, now includes 206 jurisdictions on six continents that collectively represent 1.3 billion people and $30 trillion in GDP – equivalent to 17 percent of the global population and 40 percent of the global economy.
Members of the Under2 Coalition have made a number of key commitments, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 80 to 95 percent below 1990 levels or to less than two annual metric tons for each person in California by 2050.
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